Cooling Systems for Lithium Ion Battery

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1. Air cooling

The cooling methods of electric vehicle battery packs at home and abroad mainly include the following types: air cooling, liquid cooling, and heat pipe cooling. At present, the air cooling method is still an important method. Air cooling is relatively easy to implement, but the cooling effect is not good.

2. Liquid cooling

Liquid cooling has a better cooling effect and can make the temperature distribution of the battery pack uniform, but liquid cooling has high requirements on the sealing of the battery pack. If a conductive liquid such as water is used, a water jacket is required to seal the liquid and the battery cells. The body is separated, which not only increases the complexity of the system but also reduces the cooling effect.

Generally, the cooling system is installed near the battery pack module. The principle is similar to the refrigeration principle of the air conditioner. The cooling system is connected to the single battery module through pipelines, and the coolant (usually ethylene glycol) circulates in the pipeline, and the single battery module The cooling system cools the ethylene glycol, and the excess heat is discharged to the outside through the fan, and the ethylene glycol recirculates into the battery module to continue to absorb the heat emitted by the battery.

3. Heat pipe technology

Heat pipe technology can meet the requirements of high-temperature heat dissipation and low-temperature preheating of battery packs, with fast response and good temperature uniformity. After being proposed as a new cooling method for battery packs, it has developed to a certain extent and has become a key direction of industrial research. . However, due to the limitation of layout and volume, it has not been used yet.

Judging from the existing cooling methods of electric vehicle power lithium batteries, air cooling has always occupied an important position, especially for Japanese electric vehicles, which basically adopt air cooling systems. As the application environment has higher and higher requirements for batteries, liquid cooling has also become the preferred method for automotive companies. From the perspective of medium and long-term trends, liquid cooling will occupy the mainstream.

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