Liquid Immersion Cooling for Battery Energy Storage System

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Overview of liquid immersion cooling for battery energy storage

Immerse the battery directly in the coolant to completely isolate it from oxygen, realize direct, rapid and sufficient cooling of the battery, ensure that the battery operates within the optimal temperature range, effectively prolong the service life of the battery, and improve the safety of the energy storage power station as a whole performance.

As the core component of electrochemical energy storage, batteries have a greater risk of thermal runaway. When thermal runaway occurs, a large amount of heat will be released instantaneously, which will quickly spread to adjacent batteries, causing large-scale thermal runaway of the battery pack, causing serious fire or explosion. ACCIDENT. From the perspective of safety, it is very important to do a good job in the thermal management of the energy storage system, especially the thermal management of the battery system, to effectively control and solve the fire and explosion risks caused by thermal runaway.

At present, there are mainly two types of battery thermal management technologies in energy storage systems: air cooling or cold plate liquid cooling. Among them, air cooling uses natural wind pressure or air-conditioning system to dissipate heat from the battery. Although the structure is simple and easy to install, the cooling efficiency is not high, the heat dissipation of the battery is uneven, and the temperature difference between the battery packs is large (4°C~8°C). ;Cold plate liquid cooling is to place the cooling plate with circulating cooling liquid under the battery core to cool down the contact parts of the battery core. The cooling liquid does not directly contact the battery core. It is an indirect cooling method, and the cooling speed is slow. , long time and so on.

Based on this, our company proposed a fully submerged liquid cooling technology, and developed an intrinsically safe battery energy storage system based on this technology.

Advantages of liquid immersion cooling for battery energy storage

1. Thoroughly solve the battery fire problem. The container of the entire energy storage subsystem is equivalent to a fully enclosed “water pool” filled with cooling liquid. By immersing the battery cell in the insulating cooling liquid, it is completely isolated from oxygen; the cooling liquid is circulated to take away the heat of the battery cell. Thereby, two of the three elements of combustion (temperature and oxygen) are eliminated, and the technical problem of safe operation of the battery is solved.

2. Efficiently solve the battery system consistency problem. As the number of cycles and operating conditions change, the battery will experience varying degrees of structural aging and performance attenuation, resulting in a reduction in battery capacity and inconsistent operating temperatures of the cells, resulting in greater differences in consistency between battery cells. If the temperature of the battery is inconsistent for a long time, it will easily lead to the mismatch of the series and parallel connections of the battery module and the battery cluster, resulting in low utilization rate of the battery within the life cycle and mismatch of the capacity of the energy storage system. This not only shortens battery life, but also reduces the safety and reliability of energy storage system operation. The immersion liquid cooling technology can evenly reduce the temperature of each part of the battery, control the operating temperature difference of the battery core within 2°C, maintain the consistency of the battery, and improve the available capacity and cycle life of the battery.

3. Significantly increase the energy density of the energy storage system and reduce investment costs. The immersion liquid cooling technology reduces the difference in the long-term operating temperature of the battery, improves the utilization rate of the battery during its life, and can continuously meet the charging and discharging capacity requirements of the energy storage power station. At the same time, the energy density can be increased by 20%, and the energy storage capacity of a standard 40-foot container can reach 7,450 kWh.

4. Improve cooling efficiency and greatly reduce energy consumption. The submerged liquid-cooled energy storage system adopts centralized cooling technology. Compared with traditional air-cooled or cold-plate liquid-cooled methods, it can save energy by more than 20% and reduce energy loss.

All in all, the fully submerged liquid-cooled battery energy storage system completely solves the safety hazard of the battery cell, greatly improves the cooling efficiency of the battery thermal management system, and effectively improves the consistency of the battery operating temperature. The submerged liquid-cooled energy storage technology will also conduct continuous verification and research on cooling efficiency, safe and stable operation, and consider further promotion and application in other fields, such as mobile energy storage, cascade utilization, etc.

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