Cooling Process of Superconducting

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Basic principles of superconducting technology

With the continuous development and advancement of electronic devices, their performance requirements are becoming higher and higher. However, the heat generated during the operation of electronic devices often becomes one of the main factors limiting their performance. As an emerging cooling technology, superconducting technology has unique advantages and is widely used in the field of electronic device cooling.

Superconducting technology refers to the phenomenon that under low temperature conditions, the resistance of certain materials becomes zero and electric current can flow without resistance. This phenomenon is called superconductivity. The superconducting properties of superconducting materials are determined by their electronic structure and lattice structure. The superconducting critical temperature of a superconducting material refers to the critical temperature below which the material exhibits superconductivity.

Superconducting cooling technology

Superconducting cryogenic cooling is a technology used to cool objects to extremely low temperatures so that they enter a superconducting state. Superconducting is the property of certain materials that exhibit zero resistance and complete flux repulsion at low temperatures, usually near absolute zero. This property makes superconductors valuable for current transmission and magnetic field applications.

The purpose of superconducting cryogenic cooling is to lower the temperature of the material below the superconducting transition temperature so that it enters the superconducting state. Superconducting transition temperature refers to the critical temperature at which a material changes from a normal conductor state to a superconducting state. Generally speaking, superconductors need to be cooled to extremely low temperatures close to absolute zero to achieve superconductivity.

Common superconducting cryogenic cooling technologies include:

1. Liquid nitrogen cooling: Liquid nitrogen is a commonly used low-temperature coolant, with a boiling point of -196°C. Liquid nitrogen is widely used in laboratories and industry to cool many superconductors.

2. Liquid ammonia cooling: Liquid ammonia is the most commonly used superconducting low-temperature coolant, with a boiling point of -268.9°C. Liquid ammonia is more expensive but is indispensable in many high-temperature superconductor research and applications.

3. Superconducting magnets: Superconducting magnets can generate strong magnetic fields and are usually used in fields such as high-energy physics and nuclear magnetic resonance.

Superconducting cooling technology has important applications in many fields, such as medical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), maglev trains, accelerators, magnetic energy storage, etc. However, due to the requirements of low-temperature conditions, superconducting cooling technology still faces challenges in terms of equipment cost and energy consumption.

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