Cryogenic Cooling in Machining Processes

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Some difficult-to-machine materials, such as stainless steel, ferroalloy, hardened steel, high manganese steel, etc., have poor machinability due to their combined effects of physics, mechanics, and chemistry. The main manifestations are that the tool wears quickly and is easily damaged, the durability of the tool is low, the work hardening is severe, the quality of the machined surface is difficult to guarantee, the cutting speed is low, the cutting efficiency is low, and the cutting temperature is high.

In view of the problems existing in the above materials and with the development of low-temperature technology and low-temperature equipment, low-temperature processing has become possible to improve the cutting processability of difficult-to-machine materials. Tests have proven that low-temperature processing can reduce cutting temperature, reduce cutting force, reduce tool wear and improve tool durability.

Cryogenic cooling in machining processes

Cryogenic cutting is a cutting method that cools the workpiece and performs cutting. Cryogenic machining is the use of ultra-low temperature liquid fluid to form a local low temperature (or ultra-low temperature) state in the workpiece or the tool, thereby utilizing changes in the mechanical properties of the workpiece and tool in this state, which is beneficial to machining.

Difficult-to-machine materials require relatively large cutting forces, high cutting temperatures, and difficulty in dissipating heat, which causes the temperature of the tool and workpiece to rise, aggravates tool wear, and makes it difficult to control machining accuracy and surface quality. In order to improve the cutting processability of difficult-to-machine materials, the cutting temperature needs to be lowered, and the surface of the processed material can be subjected to strong cooling treatment. On the one hand, it can reduce the temperature of the cutting zone, increase the brittleness of the workpiece, and reduce the plastic deformation of the workpiece during cutting; on the other hand, it will A prestressed field mainly characterized by cold shrinkage is formed on the machined surface layer, which is nonlinearly superposed with the stress field formed by force and heat during the cutting process, thus suppressing the generation of residual stress. At the same time, when the coolant uses inert gas, it can also inhibit the generation of contamination layer on the surface of the workpiece.

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